Introduction

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or inside a woman’s ovary. Many women will have an ovarian cyst at some point in their lives. Often, these cysts are harmless and go away on their own. However, some can cause pain or other symptoms. Because ovarian cysts are common, it is important to know their signs, causes, and treatment options. Understanding ovarian cysts can help you make informed choices about your health.

What Are Ovarian Cysts?

Ovarian cysts are small sacs filled with fluid. They develop on or inside the ovaries, which are part of the female reproductive system. Most cysts form during the menstrual cycle and are called functional cysts. These usually go away without treatment. However, some cysts can grow larger or cause problems. For example, complex cysts may need medical attention. Not all cysts are the same, so knowing the type is important for proper care.

Common Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts

Many ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms. Still, some women may notice signs, especially if the cyst is large or ruptures. Common ovarian cyst symptoms include:

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Bloating or swelling

Changes in your period, such as heavier or lighter bleeding

Pain during sex

Frequent need to urinate

Feeling full quickly when eating

Sometimes, a cyst can cause sudden, sharp pain if it bursts or twists. If this happens, seek medical help right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ovarian cysts can form for several reasons. Most often, they develop as part of the normal menstrual cycle. However, other causes and risk factors include:

Hormonal changes, such as those from fertility treatments

Pregnancy, which can sometimes cause cysts to stay longer

Endometriosis, a condition where tissue grows outside the uterus

Severe pelvic infections that spread to the ovaries

History of previous ovarian cysts

Although most cysts are not cancerous, some types can increase the risk. Age and family history may also play a role. Because of this, regular check-ups are important for women’s health.

How Ovarian Cysts Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose ovarian cysts. First, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam can help find swelling or tenderness. Often, doctors use an ultrasound to see the cyst’s size and type. In some cases, blood tests check for hormone levels or cancer markers. If needed, other imaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be used. Early diagnosis helps guide the best ovarian cyst treatment.

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cysts

Treatment depends on the cyst’s size, type, and your symptoms. Many cysts go away without treatment. However, doctors may suggest:

Watchful waiting with regular check-ups

Birth control pills to prevent new cysts

Pain relievers for mild discomfort

Surgery if the cyst is large, painful, or looks suspicious

Most surgeries are simple and use small cuts. Rarely, a larger surgery is needed. Your doctor will discuss the best option for your health.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot always prevent ovarian cysts, some steps may help. For example, regular pelvic exams can catch problems early. Also, tracking your periods and symptoms can help you notice changes. Eating a balanced diet and staying active supports overall women’s health. If you have a family history of ovarian cysts, talk to your doctor about your risk. Early action can make a big difference.

When to See a Doctor

Most ovarian cysts are harmless, but you should see a doctor if you have:

Severe or sudden belly pain

Fever or vomiting

Feeling weak or dizzy

Changes in your period that worry you

These signs may mean a cyst has burst or twisted. Quick treatment can prevent serious problems. If you have ongoing pain or other symptoms, do not wait to get checked.

Conclusion

Ovarian cysts are common and often harmless, but sometimes they can cause symptoms or require treatment. Since every woman’s body is different, it’s important to recognise the signs early and seek medical advice if you have concerns.

For personalised guidance on ovarian cysts, their causes, and treatment options, consult Dr. Meenal Singh, a trusted gynaecologist specialising in women’s reproductive health.