Placenta previa is a pregnancy complication where the placenta covers part or all of the cervix. This condition can cause bleeding and may affect the health of both mother and baby. Because placenta previa can lead to serious problems, it is important to understand its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Early care helps ensure a safer pregnancy for everyone involved.

What Is Placenta Previa?

Placenta previa happens when the placenta sits low in the uterus and covers the cervix, either partly or completely. Normally, the placenta attaches higher up in the uterus. However, when it covers the cervix, it can block the baby’s way out during birth. As a result, placenta previa can cause bleeding, especially in the second or third trimester. This condition may require special care and planning for delivery.

Causes of Placenta Previa

Several factors can increase the risk of placenta previa. While the exact cause is not always clear, some common risk factors include:

Having had placenta previa in a past pregnancy

Previous surgery on the uterus, such as a cesarean section

Carrying twins or more (multiple pregnancy)

Being over 35 years old during pregnancy

Smoking during pregnancy

Having a large placenta

History of abortions or miscarriages

Although these factors raise the risk, placenta previa can happen to anyone. Therefore, regular prenatal care is important for all pregnant women.

Symptoms of Placenta Previa

Placenta previa symptoms can vary. However, the most common sign is painless vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. Watch for these symptoms:

Bright red vaginal bleeding, often without pain

Bleeding after sexual activity

Mild cramps or contractions

Bleeding that starts, stops, and then starts again

Sometimes, there are no symptoms until later in pregnancy. If you notice any bleeding, contact your doctor right away.

How Is Placenta Previa Diagnosed?

Doctors use several methods to diagnose placenta previa. Most often, it is found during a routine ultrasound. Here is how diagnosis usually happens:

Ultrasound: This safe test uses sound waves to show the position of the placenta and baby.

Physical exam: In some cases, a gentle exam may help, but doctors avoid this if placenta previa is suspected.

Medical history: Your doctor will ask about past pregnancies and any symptoms.

Because placenta previa can change as pregnancy goes on, doctors may repeat ultrasounds to check the placenta’s position.

Treatment Options for Placenta Previa

Treatment for placenta previa depends on how far along the pregnancy is and how much bleeding occurs. Common placenta previa treatment options include:

Bed rest or reduced activity to lower the risk of bleeding

Avoiding sex and heavy exercise

Hospital care if bleeding is heavy or does not stop

Planning a cesarean section (C-section) for delivery, as vaginal birth is usually not safe

Blood transfusions if needed for severe blood loss

Doctors will create a care plan based on your needs. Regular check-ups help keep both mother and baby safe.

Prevention and Lifestyle Guidance

While placenta previa cannot always be prevented, you can lower your risk by following healthy habits. Consider these tips:

Attend all prenatal visits for early detection

Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke

Follow your doctor’s advice about exercise and activity

Tell your doctor about any past uterine surgeries

Eat a balanced diet to support a healthy pregnancy

Early care and healthy choices can make a big difference for you and your baby.

When to Seek Medical Help

It is important to know when to call your doctor. Seek medical help right away if you notice:

Any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy

Severe pain or cramps

Signs of shock, such as dizziness or fainting

Heavy bleeding that does not stop

Prompt care can prevent serious problems and protect your health.

Frequently Asked Questions About Placenta Previa

Can placenta previa go away on its own?

Sometimes, as the uterus grows, the placenta moves away from the cervix. Your doctor will monitor this with ultrasounds.

Is normal delivery possible with placenta previa?

Usually, a cesarean section is needed to keep mother and baby safe.

Does placenta previa harm the baby?

With proper care, most babies are born healthy. However, early delivery may be needed if bleeding is severe.

Can I prevent placenta previa?

There is no sure way to prevent it, but healthy habits and regular check-ups help lower risks.

Will I have placenta previa in future pregnancies?

Having placenta previa once increases your risk, but it does not always happen again.

If you have concerns about placenta previa, consult a healthcare specialist at Dr. Meenal Singh for personalized advice.