What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. Many women develop these growths during their childbearing years. Although fibroids are common, not everyone has symptoms. In fact, some women may never know they have them. However, others may experience discomfort or health issues. According to the CDC, up to 80% of women may get fibroids by age 50.

Common Symptoms

Not all women with uterine fibroids have symptoms. Still, when symptoms do appear, they can affect daily life. For example, you might notice:

Heavy or long periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent urination

Difficulty emptying the bladder

Constipation

Back or leg pain

Pain during sex

Sometimes, fibroids can cause problems with pregnancy or fertility. But many women have healthy pregnancies even with fibroids.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact cause of uterine fibroids. However, several factors may increase your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone seem to play a role. In addition, genetics can make some women more likely to develop fibroids. Other risk factors include:

Being between ages 30 and 50

Family history of fibroids

Obesity

Eating a lot of red meat

Not eating enough fruits and vegetables

Early start of periods

Although these factors can raise your risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids.

Diagnosis Methods

If you have symptoms of uterine fibroids, your doctor may suggest tests. First, a pelvic exam helps check for changes in the shape of your uterus. Next, imaging tests can give more details. Common methods for fibroid diagnosis include:

Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create images of the uterus

MRI: Shows the size and location of fibroids

Hysteroscopy: Looks inside the uterus with a thin, lighted tube

Blood tests: Check for anemia caused by heavy bleeding

Early diagnosis can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Treatment Options

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Sometimes, no treatment is needed if symptoms are mild. However, if you need care, options include:

Medications to control pain or heavy bleeding

Hormone therapy to shrink fibroids

Non-surgical procedures, such as uterine artery embolization

Surgical options, like myomectomy (removal of fibroids) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus)

For women in the US or UK, most treatments are available through gynecologists or specialized clinics. Always discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, healthy habits may lower your risk. For example, you can:

Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables

Limit red meat

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Manage stress

Although these steps do not guarantee prevention, they support overall health. If you have a family history of fibroids, regular check-ups can help catch problems early.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to talk to a doctor if you notice any symptoms of uterine fibroids. For instance, seek help if you have:

Heavy or painful periods

Pelvic pain or pressure

Trouble getting pregnant

Sudden, severe pain

Early care can improve your quality of life and prevent complications. Do not wait if you are worried about your symptoms.

For personalised advice on uterine fibroids, consult Dr. Meenal Singh, an experienced gynaecologist dedicated to women’s health and well-being.