Introduction

Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common concern for many women. It means bleeding from the uterus that is not part of a normal period. Sometimes, this bleeding is heavy, lasts too long, or happens at odd times. Because abnormal uterine bleeding can affect daily life, it is important to understand its causes and treatments. Knowing more helps women take charge of their health and seek help when needed.

What is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?

Abnormal uterine bleeding is any bleeding from the uterus that is not expected. For example, it may happen between periods, after sex, or after menopause. Sometimes, periods are much heavier or lighter than usual. In other cases, periods last longer or come more often. This condition can affect women of all ages, but it is most common during puberty and before menopause.

Common Symptoms

Many women notice changes in their periods. However, some signs may point to abnormal uterine bleeding. Look for these symptoms:

Bleeding between periods

Very heavy periods (using many pads or tampons each hour)

Periods that last more than seven days

Spotting after sex

Bleeding after menopause

Irregular periods (unpredictable timing)

Because these symptoms can be caused by many things, it is important to track any changes. If you notice any of these signs, consider speaking with a doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are many causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Some are simple, while others need medical care. Common causes include:

Hormone changes (such as during puberty or menopause)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Fibroids (non-cancerous growths in the uterus)

Polyps (small growths in the lining of the uterus)

Thyroid problems

Blood clotting disorders

Certain medicines (like blood thinners)

Infections of the uterus or cervix

Cancer (rare, but possible, especially after menopause)

Additionally, some women are at higher risk. For example, those with a family history of bleeding problems or those who are overweight may have a higher chance. Age also plays a role, as teens and women nearing menopause often have hormone changes that affect bleeding.

How is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Diagnosed?

Doctors use several steps to find the cause of abnormal uterine bleeding. First, they ask about your medical history and symptoms. Next, they may do a physical exam. Often, they will suggest tests such as:

Blood tests (to check for anemia or hormone problems)

Pelvic ultrasound (to look at the uterus and ovaries)

Endometrial biopsy (taking a small sample from the lining of the uterus)

Pap smear (to check for changes in the cervix)

Because each woman is different, your doctor will choose the best tests for you. Early diagnosis helps find the right treatment and rules out serious problems.

Treatment Options

Treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding depends on the cause. Sometimes, no treatment is needed if the problem is mild. However, many women need help to manage symptoms. Common treatments include:

Hormone therapy (such as birth control pills)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain and bleeding

Iron supplements (if you have anemia)

Removal of polyps or fibroids (minor surgery)

Endometrial ablation (removing the lining of the uterus)

Hysterectomy (removal of the uterus, only in severe cases)

Because every woman is unique, your doctor will help you choose the best option. In many cases, simple treatments can control symptoms and improve quality of life.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

While not all cases can be prevented, some steps may help reduce the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding. Try these tips:

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly

Eat a balanced diet rich in iron

Manage stress

Track your periods and note any changes

Take medicines as prescribed

Additionally, regular check-ups can help catch problems early. If you notice changes, do not wait to seek advice.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to know when to get medical help. See a doctor if you have:

Very heavy bleeding (soaking through pads or tampons every hour)

Bleeding that lasts more than seven days

Bleeding after menopause

Severe pain with bleeding

Signs of anemia (feeling weak, tired, or dizzy)

Because abnormal uterine bleeding can have many causes, only a doctor can find the right answer. Early care can prevent complications and help you feel better.

Conclusion

Abnormal uterine bleeding can be concerning, but timely care can make a big difference. If you experience changes in your menstrual cycle or unusually heavy bleeding, do not ignore it. Early diagnosis helps prevent complications and ensures effective treatment.

For personalised advice and expert care on abnormal uterine bleeding, consult Dr. Meenal Singh, an experienced gynaecologist dedicated to women’s health and hormonal balance.